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Eye Signs References
References Signs in Conjunctiva Images Pinguecula Zhonghua
Yi Xue Za Zhi ( Relationship
between pterygium/pinguecula and sunlight exposure among postmen in
central Tang
FC, Department
of Family Medicine, Chung Shan Medical and BACKGROUND:
The purpose of this study was to investigate outdoor hazards and their
relationship to conjunctival disorders experienced by postmen. METHODS:
Three hundred and ninety-four employees (248 postmen and 146 officers)
working in 11 post offices in central Taiwan were recruited and
participated in the 1994 annual labor health examination. Pinguecula and
pterygium were diagnosed by an ophthalmologist. Meanwhile, detailed
personal and occupational information was obtained using a structured
questionnaire. The cumulative occupational sunlight exposure was
calculated for each postman by considering the duration of their
employment as postmen, the average working hours per day and their
spectacle use (sunglasses and eyeglasses). A logistic regression was used
to analyze the relationship between cumulative occupational sunlight
exposure and pinguecula. RESULTS: Among the postmen, the prevalences of
pinguecula and pterygium were 62.9% and 7.3%, respectively. The outdoor
nature of postal work was significantly associated with the occurrence of
pinguecula as well as pterygium (p < 0.05). When the cumulative
occupational sunlight exposure increased by one unit (one year x
hour/day), the risks of developing pinguecula and pterygium were raised by
2.1% and 0.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that
conjunctival disorders were associated with the cumulative occupational
sunlight exposure of postmen working outdoors. This study reinforces the
importance of ocular protection from sunlight. PMID:
10462825 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ------------------------------------------ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3877897 Ophthalmic
Res. 1985;17(6):325-30.
Related Articles, Links
The
association between pinguecula, sunlight and
cataract. Perkins
ES. The pathology
and epidemiology of pinguecula suggest that it is due to exposure to
sunlight. There is some epidemiological and laboratory evidence that
sunlight is an etiological factor in cataract so that it would be expected
that the two conditions--pinguecula and cataract--would occur together
more frequently than by chance. In a series of patients requiring cataract
extraction pinguecula did not occur more frequently than in sex- and and
aged-matched controls. Although there was a correlation between an outdoor
working environment and the incidence of pinguecula there was no such
correlation with cataract. It is concluded that direct exposure of the eye
to sunlight did not seem to be a factor in the development of age-related
cataract in this population. PMID: 3877897 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9685008 Aust N Z J
Ophthalmol. 1998 May;26 Suppl 1:S2-5. Related Articles, Links Prevalence of
pterygium and pinguecula: the Blue Mountains Eye
Study. Panchapakesan
J, Hourihan F, Mitchell P. University of
PURPOSE: The
present study aimed to describe the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula
in an older population and to examine associations with skin, hair and eye
colour, skin sun sensitivity, sun-related skin damage and skin cancer
METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3564 people aged 49 years
or older Slit-lamp examination recorded pterygium and pinguecula and a
questionnaire was used to collect information on physical variables.
RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-six subjects (7.3%) had pterygium (or had a
history of pterygium surgery) and 2521 (69.5%) had pinguecula present in
either eye. Significantly more men (11%) than women (4.5%) had pterygium
(odds ratio (OR) 2.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.03-3.42). This sex
difference was aso found for pinguecula, present in 73.6 and 66.3% of men
and women, respectively (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3-1.7). A s ight age-related
increase in prevalence was found for both pterygium and pinguecula.
CONCLUSIONS: The study found significant associations between pterygium
and increased pigmentation (skin and hair colour), decreased skin sun
sensitivity and sun-related skin damage. The age- and sex-specific
pterygium prevalence rates in the present study are simi ar to rates found
in non-Aboriginals examined in the 1980 Australian Trachoma
Programme. PMID: 9685008
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ------------------------------------------ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=419982 Acta
Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1979 Feb;57(1):96-105. Related Articles, Links Prevalence of
pinguecula in Greenland and in Norn
MS. The prevalence
of pinguecula has been studied by slit lamp examination of 659 Eskimos in
South Greenland and 810 Caucasians in PMID: 419982
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ------------------------------------------ Pterygium
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=2695353&dopt=Abstract Eye. 1989;3 (
Pt 2):218-26.
Pathogenesis of
pterygium. Hill JC, Maske
R. Department of Ophthalmology, This paper
reviews the histological and epidemiological characteristics of pterygium
which suggest that chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation plays an
important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. However, there is
conflicting evidence indicating that chronic inflammation from other
causes can induce the disease. The results of two epidemiological surveys
undertaken in Southern Publication
Types: PMID: 2695353
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ---------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=8033571&dopt=Abstract Cornea. 1994
May;13(3):219-24. Related Articles, Links
Kwok LS,
Corneal
Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, The formation
of a pterygium is modelled using a population balance model of corneal and
limbal epithelial production. Scattered light incident at the temporal
limbus is focused at the nasal limbus with a peak intensity > or = 20
times. We hypothesize that this causes a focal alteration of corneal
epithelial stem cells (which play a role in maintaining a barrier between
corneal and conjunctival epithelia). Normative rabbit corneal data were
used. Light-induced conjunctival epithelial proliferation was implemented
by amplifying normal epithelial cell production along a nasal sector of
the limbal circumference. A ten-fold normal peak in stimulation was
assumed at the nasal zero azimuth (3 o'clock position in the right eye)
with a quadratic attenuation to zero stimulation (normal) at the
circumferential limits. Adjacent points on the outer limbus were assumed
to be independent generators of epithelial cells that migrated in
centripetal streams into the cornea. Normalization of the attrition rate
for a net surface accumulation of the proliferating cells was embedded
into the computational algorithm. The localized conjunctival mass was
allowed to travel the predicted distance along the surface before the
final shape was computed. The result shows a wing-shaped mass with a
curved leading edge (corneal side). It is proposed that the initial
biologic event in pterygium pathogenesis is an alteration of limbal stem
cells due to chronic ultraviolet light exposure. The concomitant breakdown
of the limbal barrier and subsequent conjunctivalization of the cornea
explain the shape and formation of a primary pterygium. PMID: 8033571
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ---------------------------------------------- http://archopht.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/119/5/695 Pterygia
Pathogenesis Nicholas
Dushku, MD; Molykutty K. John, PhD; Gregory S. Schultz, PhD; Ted W. Reid,
PhD
Objective
To assess the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the
pathogenesis of pterygia by comparing the immunolocalization patterns of
MMPs in altered limbal basal stem cells, activated fibroblasts, and areas
of elastotic degeneration adjacent to the pterygia. Methods
Nine primary and 1 recurrent pterygia along with normal superior
limbal-conjunctival tissue and cornea were immunostained with mouse
monoclonal antibodies specific for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, membrane
type 1 (MT1)–MMP (MMP-14), and membrane type 2–MMP (MMP-15). Results
Conclusions
Altered limbal basal epithelial cells (pterygium cells) immunostained for
multiple types of MMPs in contrast to normal conjunctival, limbal, and
corneal cells. The pterygium cells invading over Bowman's layer produce
elevated MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression, which probably are the main
MMPs responsible for the dissolution of Bowman's layer. Pterygium cells
may also cause activation of fibroblasts at the head of the pterygium,
leading to the initial cleavage of fibrillar collagen in Bowman's layer by
the production of MMP-1. Altered fibroblasts in areas of elastotic
degeneration (pingueculae) trailing behind the pterygium constitute a
second type of tumor, which is noninvasive. Clinical
Relevance These data of altered MMP expression support the concept
that altered basal limbal epithelial cells play a key role in the
formation and migration of a pterygium.
------------------------------------------ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10826547 Int
Ophthalmol. 1998;22(5):293-8.
Related Articles, Links
Outdoor work
and the risk of pterygia: a case-control study. Khoo J, Saw
SM, Banerjee K, Chia SE, Tan D. National
AIM: To
investigate the relationship between outdoor work and pterygium formation
in a hospital-based case-control study in PMID: 10826547
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bitot spots
Dry Eye (Xerophthalmia)
Abnormal microvascular topography ---------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=496855 Bibl Anat. 1979;(18):310-2.
Human clinical
biomicroscopy is an aid to the assessment of the microcirculation in
health and disease. It has only limited diagnostic value but in some
important conditions gives helpful clues and in a few conditions
pathognomonic information. Features which can be evaluated include
intravascular red cell aggregation, small blood vessel patterns, diameter
of vessels, stasis pools, microaneurysms, petechiae and vasomotion. Red
cell aggregation correlates well with sedimentation rate. Some of these
factors, or combinations of them, correlate well with arteriosclerosis,
diabetes, and hypertension. The apparatus required is relatively simple,
and the method is noninvasive. PMID: 496855
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ---------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=748720 Microvasc Res.
1978 Nov;16(3):369-72. Related Articles, Links
Harper RN,
PMID: 748720
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ---------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1268306 Biomedicine.
1976 Jan;24(1):UNKNOWN. Related Articles, Links
Kern P,
Regnault F, Robert L. Combined
biochemical and ultrastructural study of conjunctival biopsies of 27
normal subjects and 45 diabetics (40 to 60 years old) was made. The "in
vitro" incorporation of 14C-glucosamine and 3H-proline in freshly excised
conjunctival biopsies was studied. The alterations of the capillary
basement membrane of the conjunctiva were studied by electron microscopy.
The following results were obtained: 1) A decrease of the specific
activity of 14C-glucosmaine incorporation was found in fractions of
diabetic conjunctiva. 2) In diabetic conjunctiva the percentages of
3H-proline incorporation in polymeric collagen containing fraction and
structural glycoproteins containing fraction were significantly increased
with a parallel decrease of 3H-proline incorporation in "crude soluble
collagen" fraction expressed as a percentage of total incorporation. 3)
Significant thickening of capillary basement membrane was observed with
the appearance of collagen-like fibrils within the basement membrane in
diabetic conjunctiva. Such fibrils were not seen in normal basement
membranes. A relation between the extent of basement membrane thickening
and the appearance of collagen-like fibrils is suggested. 4) The higher
percentage of incorporation of 3H-proline in polymeric collagen may be
related to the appearance of collagen fibrils in thickened basement
membranes of the diabetic conjunctival capillaries. 5) These results
suggest an abnormal regulation of the relative rate of biosynthesis and/or
excretion of intercellular matrix macromolecules (collagen, structural
glycoproteins) as part of the metabolic disorders characterising
diabetes. PMID: 1268306
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ---------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8853363 Am J Physiol.
1996 Sep;271(3 Pt 2):H1229-39. Related Articles, Links
Wick CE, Loew
MH, Kurantsin-Mills J. Department of
Weapons and Systems We present the
development of a comprehensive model that was undertaken to determine the
relationships between the components of an image and the light intensity
values present in the image of the microvessels of translucent tissues
such as the bulbar conjunctiva. Experiments were conducted during the
modeling process by use of a cylindrical microvessel embedded in a diffuse
medium (phantom) on a reflecting background to affirm model components and
simulations. The three-dimensional model was reduced to a single
illumination plane with four regions of interest and modeled as Lambertian
radiators and surfaces. The modeling showed that the top of the cylinder
and its immediate vicinity are diffuse reflectors of light from the source
plus light reflected from the background. The limbus of the cylinder is a
diffuse reflector of the source and background illumination and a specular
reflector of background reflections that achieve a high grazing angle with
the cylinder. The immediate vicinity of the cylinder receives direct
illumination from the source, but the light is partially obscured by the
cylinder. The region beyond the shadow of the cylinder is a diffuse
reflector of the overhead light. The diffuse medium additionally reflects
the source and also attenuates the illumination reaching the other compo-
rents of the scene. The direct and reflected illumination at each region
of the model was calculated by use of specific geometric relationships. To
verify those calculations, we analyzed a video simulation for the effects
of different illumination conditions and their contributing elements.
Intensity values were calculated from the relative reflectivity data
determined from the video signals. The illumination values at the points
along the line at the meridian of the cylinder were due to its
reflectivity and also that of the medium. Similarly, the values of points
distant from the shadow of the cylinder were due to the reflectivity of
the background and the medium. The excellent agreement between the model
and the phantom provides a foundation for the detection and precise
measurement of microvessel dimensions within a diffuse medium. The
additional ability to compute relative depth, from a single view, also
permits discrimination between neighboring microvessels in complex
images. PMID: 8853363
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ----------------------------------------------
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002;13 Suppl 2:48-52. Related Articles, Links Small
vessel disease and Alzheimer's dementia: pathological
considerations. Kalaria
RN. Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital,
and Department of Psychiatry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK. r.n.kalaria@ncl.ac.uk Current
evidence suggests that the neuropathology of Alzheimer type of dementia
comprises more than amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. At least
a third of Alzheimer disease (AD) cases may exhibit significant
cerebrovascular pathology, which constitutes distinct small vessel disease
(SVD). Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microvascular degeneration affecting
the cerebral endothelium and smooth muscle cells, basal lamina
alterations, hyalinosis and fibrosis are often evident in AD. These
changes may be accompanied by perivascular denervation that is causal in
the cognitive decline of AD. Amyloid beta protein may cause degeneration
of both the larger perforating arterial vessels as well as cerebral
capillaries, which represent the blood-brain barrier. In addition, macro-
and microinfarctions, haemorrhages, lacunes and ischaemic white matter
changes are also present in AD. The development of SVD in late-onset AD
may engage an interaction of perivascular mediators as well as
circulation-derived factors that perturb the brain vasculature. Peripheral
vascular disease such as long-standing hypertension, atrial fibrillation,
coronary or carotid artery disease and diabetes could further modify the
cerebral circulation such that a sustained hypoperfusion or oligaemia is
impacted upon the ageing brain. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Publication Types: Review
Review,
Tutorial PMID:
11901243 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] --------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3786297 Probl
Endokrinol (Mosk). 1986 Sep-Oct;32(5):18-22. Related Articles, Links [Microcirculatory disorder in the bulbar conjunctiva of
patients with diabetic retinopathy] [Article
in Russian] Danilova
AI. Biomicroscopy was employed to study the state of
microcirculation of the bulbar conjunctiva in 166 patients with diabetes
mellitus at different stages of the ophthalmoscopic assessment of the
fundus of the eye. Disorder in conjunctival microhemodynamics was found in
89.7% of the patients, in the presence of retinopathy in all the cases and
in a normal picture of the fundus of the eye in 69.3%. Qualitative and
quantitative changes in microcirculation of the conjunctiva were shown to
depend on the stage and form of diabetic retinopathies. Values of changes
of the total conjunctival index and its constituents were on an increase
with aggravation of a pathological process in the fundus of the eye.
Vascular changes prevailed in the diabetic-sclerotic and
diabetic-hypertensive forms of retinopathies, intravascular changes and
perivascular edema prevailed in the diabetic-renal
form. PMID:
3786297 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] --------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=888844 Am J
Med. 1977 Aug;63(2):208-14.
Related Articles, Links
Conjunctival microangiopathy. An early sign of degenerative
vascular disease? Elliott
FA, Biomicroscopic examination of the bulbar conjunctival
vessels regularly discloses degenerative microangiopathy in patients with
overt arteriosclerotic cerebral vascular disease. Examination of a group
of normotensive nondiabetic adults aged 21 to 39 years disclosed similar
but less severe changes in 56 per cent of the men and 26 per cent of the
women. The incidence was higher (88 per cent of the men and 45 per cent of
the women) in those with a strong family history of early death from
arteriosclerotic disease. There was no consistent correlation between the
severity of the microangiopathy and the values for hematocrit,
cholesterol, triglycerides or blood pressure. Conjunctival
microangiopathy, like atherosclerosis of larger vessels, starts in the
second and third decades and advances with age. We suggest that
microangiopathic changes in the conjunctival vessels may provide the first
readily detectable evidence of degenerative vascular
disease. PMID:
888844 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] --------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3397669 J Mal
Vasc. 1988;13(2):101-5.
Related Articles, Links
[Conjunctival and peri-ungual angioscopy in
noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Informational value of observed
anomalies] [Article
in French] Lagrue
G, Hamon P, Maurel A, Balanger S. Service
de Nephrologie, Association Claude Bernard, INSERM U. 139, Hopital
Henri-Mondor, Microangiopathy is one of the most frequent and serious
complications of diabetes. Its diagnosis is based on fundus of eye and
fluorescein angiography findings, but several teams have emphasized the
value of conjunctival angioscopy (CA) and peri-ungual capillaroscopy
(PUC), describing suggestive anomalies: microectatic venous dilatation
(V/A greater than 4.5), sludge on CA, "fish shoal" capillaries on PUC. Up
to the present, however, the diagnostic value of these anomalies has not
been evaluated based on data that are sensitive, specific and indicate
predictive positive and negative values of a sign (Se, Sp, PPV, NPV).
Anomalies of CA and PUC as a function of presence or absence of "diabetes"
were studied in 114 patients with moderate hypertension, including 46
"diabetics" (33 with glucose regulation disorders and 13 non-insulin
dependent diabetics). "Diabetes" was observed more predominantly in males
of more advanced age and with a significantly higher global CA score (4.25
+/- 1.44 as against 2.65 +/- 1.35), and this in an increased manner as the
"diabetes" was severe. Some anomalies had themselves a major orientation
value with an Sp greater than 80% and an Se close to 40% (global score
greater than 4; V/A greater than 4.5, microectasia, rheologic changes).
For the fish shoal appearance the Sp was 73.5% and the Se 43.5%. The Sp
was greater than 95% when at least 4 of the following 6 signs were
present: global score greater than 4, V/A greater than 4.5, microectasia,
rheologic disorders, fish shoal, gerontoxons. The more signs associated
the more the Sp increased; the Se decreased from 40% for one sign to less
than 10% for 4 associated signs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
WORDS) PMID:
3397669 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] --------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2210013 Diabete
Metab. 1990 May-Jun;16(3):192-8.
Related Articles, Links
[Erythrocyte aggregation in vivo and diabetic
microangiopathy. Physiopathologic determinants and clinical
correlations] [Article
in French] Benhamou
PY, Carpentier P, Halimi S, Bertrand C, Mouillon M, Franco
A. Service
d'Endocrinologie, Diabetologie, Maladies de la Nutrition, CHRU
Grenoble. Conjunctival angioscopy is a non invasive way for
visualization and quantitative evaluation of the microcirculation. Grading
red blood cell aggregation is possible in vivo using Ditzel's four grades
score. The two-dimensional organization of conjunctival microvessels
allows morphometric quantification of microvascular density. The aim of
our study was to evaluate the determinant factors of erythrocyte
aggregation and the place of conjunctival angioscopy in the early
detection of diabetic microangiopathy. Conjunctival parameters were red
blood cell aggregation (Ditzel's score) and morphometric evaluation of
capillary, venular and arteriolar density. Criteria of diabetic
microangiopathy were microalbuminuria and retinal fluorescein angiogram.
Both conjunctival angioscopy and retinal angiogram were scored
independently. Results obtained in 30 type 1 diabetic patients, with
multifactorial statistical analysis, show that red blood cell aggregation
in vivo is an essential discriminant factor for diabetic retinopathy and
nephropathy. This rheological phenomenon depends more on duration of
diabetes (analysis of variance p = .0005, r = .65) and metabolic control
than on albuminemia or fibrinogenemia such as in non-diabetic patients.
Manual morphometric data confirmed vascular rarefaction associated with
excessive red blood cell aggregation (beta = .50). These results suggest
that grading red blood cell aggregation in vivo is an interesting tool for
physiopathological and clinical studies of diabetic
microangiopathy. PMID:
2210013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] --------------------------------------------- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10532529 Transplantation. 1999 Oct 15;68(7):927-32. Related Articles, Links Improvements in diabetic microangiopathy after successful
simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: a computer-assisted
intravital microscopy study on the conjunctival
microcirculation. Cheung
AT, Perez RV, Chen PC. Department of Medical Pathology, UC A
computer-assisted intravital microscopy technology has been developed to
noninvasively and objectively study diabetic microangiopathy in the
conjunctival microcirculation of type-1 diabetics. Quantitative
characterization of the conjunctival microcirculation was performed on 12
patients pre- and 18 months postsimultaneous pancreas-kidney
transplantation (SPK). Healthy nondiabetic volunteers (n=12), solitary
kidney (K) transplanted type-1 diabetics (n=5), and nontransplanted type-1
diabetics (n=12) served as controls. Pre-SPK diabetics showed
abnormal-sized venules (diameter=66+/-7 microm) and reduced presence of
arterioles (arteriole length/area=18+/-6 microm(-1)) compared with
nondiabetic controls (53+/-4 microm; 31+/-8 microm(-1); P<0.05). The
computed vascular perfusion capacity of the conjunctival microvasculature
was diminished in the same patients (pre-SPK diabetics=49+/-9%;
nondiabetic healthy controls=71+/-6%; P<0.05). Significant improvement
in microangiopathy was observed in all post-SPK diabetics (diameter=58+/-6
microm; arteriole length/area=26+/-9 microm(-1); vascular
perfusion=63+/-8%; P<0.05) 18 months post-SPK. Blood flow velocities in
the conjunctival microcirculation in the same post-SPK patients showed
noticeable but not significant improvements (nondiabetic
controls=2.94+/-0.57 mm/sec; pre-SPK=1.23+/-0.49 mm/sec;
post-SPK=1.65+/-0.42 mm/sec). The solitary kidney transplant controls
(post-K) showed no significant improvements in diabetic microangiopathy,
confirming the unique role of the pancreas in SPK. In general, significant
improvements (P<0.05) in diabetic microangiopathy were observed in all
12 diabetics 18 months post-SPK but not in the
controls. PMID:
10532529 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ---------------------------------------------
Arteriolar narrowing http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/487416?src=mp
Signs in Iris Images Lisch Nodules
Wolfflin spots Schmidt I. The Wolfflin spots on the iris. Am J Optom. 1971 July;48(7):573-585.
Brushfield spots
Grey Iris or Bilateral Heterochromia
Central Heterochromia
Sectoral Heterochromia
Iris Hypoplasia
Signs in Corneal and Limbus Images Corneal Arcus Nishimoto JH, Townsend JC, Selvin GJ, De Land PN. Corneal arcus as an indicator of hypercholesterolemia. J Am Optom Assoc. 1990 Jan;61(1):44-49.
Keratoconus
Kaiser-Fleischer Ring
Corneal Neovascularization
Corneal Iron Ring/Line J Cataract Refract Surg.
2000 Nov;26(11):1684-6.
Related Articles, Links
Comment in:
J Cataract Refract Surg.
2001 Jul;27(7):965. Corneal iron ring associated
with iatrogenic keratectasia after myopic laser in situ
keratomileusis. Ozdamar A, Department of Ophthalmology,
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, A 23-year-old woman had
bilateral myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Two months
postoperatively, she reported decreased visual acuity. Biomicroscopic
examination revealed a corneal epithelial iron ring around the central
keratectasia on both corneas. The appearance of the ring pattern was
similar to the iron deposits of the Fleischer ring of
keratoconus. Publication Types:
Case
Reports PMID: 11084280 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE] --------------------------------------------- Cornea. 1995
Sep;14(5):540-2. Related
Articles, Links
Epithelial iron line in
juvenile corneal arcus lipoides. Junemann A, Kuchle M,
Naumann GO. Department of Ophthalmology,
University Iron lines of the corneal
epithelium are well-described phenomena in both normal and pathologic
conditions. We found a bilateral corneal epithelial iron line at the inner
edge of a juvenile corneal arcus lipoides in an otherwise normal eye of a
38-year-old white man. Possible mechanisms that may have led to the
development of this new iron line are discussed. Publication Types:
Case
Reports PMID: 8536471 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE] Signs in Sclera Images Scleral Neovascularization
Pigmentary Deposits
Jaundice and Liver Disorders
Signs in Eyelid Images
Xanthelasma
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